Blood pressure impairment causes failure to the whole body. Despite the fact that this disease cannot be completely cured, the course of the disease can be less noticeable and problematic for the patient.
Mushroom
Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease that is associated with increased pressure in the vascular walls. In this case, it is very important to distinguish between rare situations when a person increases the pressure and the true manifestation of this disease. An increase of one time can happen for various reasons and often does not repeat it soon. The reason may be a person's excitement, hormonal malfunctions or injury.
When asked what arterial hypertension is, we need to deal with the term "hypertension". This is a temporary increase in blood pressure above 140/90. But hypertension in medicine is called a condition in which a person has a steady high performance. They rarely fall under these numbers themselves.
The negative side of this disease is that not only the cardiovascular system suffers from chronic high pressure. There is such a thing as target organs in medicine. The essence of the problem is that constantly elevated blood pressure has a negative effect on a number of organs - the heart, kidneys, brain and retina. The disease will have a negative effect on the whole body, but they suffer first. Even the principle of classification of the disease depends on which organ has a negative effect.
Stages of the disease
The disease has different forms that depend on what principle to classify. They can depend on the origin, the course and the blood pressure level. The easiest form of arterial hypertension is easier as patients can understand their pressure at home.
Like other diseases, the development of hypertension has several degrees that only deteriorate without the necessary treatment. There are norms that help determine the stage of the disease. You cannot draw conclusions after one or two measurements of a person's pressure, as this approach can give incorrect indicators. If a person had previously taken certain drugs or had an emotional jump and more emotions were bad or good, the indicators may change. This will not allow you to see the true picture of the patient's health.
Do not confuse the high pressure, which is in the normal range, with how arterial hypertension manifests. The pressure of 120/80 is considered normal for the human body, but the pressure can also be classified as 129/84. Pressure is considered to be increased to 139/89 but is not classified as a degree of hypertension. Hypertension is considered a pressure exceeding 140/90.
Table 1. A level of hypertension and pressure level
| The degree of arterial hypertension | Indicators |
|---|---|
| Norm | From 120/80 to 139/89 |
| 1 degree of hypertension | From 140/90 to 159/99 |
| 2 degree of hypertension | From 160/100 to 179/109 |
| 3 degree of hypertension | From 180/110 and above |
In addition to the definition of "hypertension" and the classification of the disease according to the degree of development, there is also a unit for primary and secondary hypertension. The main one develops as an independent pathology and often no other problems in the human body have been found in this case. If we are talking about secondary hypertension, it becomes the result of existing diseases in the human body.
First degree
It is considered a mild form of the disease, blood pressure indicators do not exceed 160/100 and attacks, mainly without serious consequences. First -degree arterial hypertension is characterized by antispasmodic disorders that occur in the work of the heart. Exacerbation periods can hardly be called rare, but due to a small manifestation and chronic course of the disease, they suffer from the patient quite easily. The exacerbation is alternated with normal indicators, during this period the patient does not feel the symptoms of the disease.
In order to adequately evaluate the situation, it is necessary to make pressure measurements using a tonometer several times a day. Usually this is done three times a day in the absence of emotional outbursts or other causes that may affect short -term changes in blood pressure.
First -degree arterial hypertension has its own symptoms, which patients often cannot take seriously. The disease can manifest with headaches, rapid heart rhythm, or pain on the left side of the sternum. Often patients are confused by the fact that first -degree hypertension is rarely characterized by symptoms.
But even a mild degree of hypertension can have its own complications that are filled with serious disorders in the human body. This:
- Brain microinfarcts;
- Heart muscle hypertrophy;
- nephrosclerosis.
It is wrong to assume that 1 degree arterial hypertension can pass without a trace if treated with medication. It can be argued that a patient suffering from first -degree hypertension is at risk of complications. Statistics show approximately 15% of such likelihood.
When the patient is diagnosed with first -degree hypertension, the situation is as follows: the high pressure can be triggered by narrow gaps in the vessels, leading to insufficient nutrition of the body tissue. In the absence of a normal amount of nutrients and oxygen in the cells, necrosis develops. Initially, this process is not noticeable, but over time, some organs in the patient's body, not just certain cells, may occur over time. Lack of treatment causes ischemic stroke.
If the patient has high blood pressure, even first -degree hypertension gives a very high risk of developing heart problems.
Changing the indicators in the greater direction gives an additional load to the heart, which, trying to push the blood through the narrow gaps of the vessels, is buried. Everyone knows that at extra stress the muscles begin to grow, it also happens with heart tissues. It may seem that first -degree risk hypertension decreases the risk more, as the heart can more effectively pump blood, but this is not completely true. Cardiomyopathy can pull the vessels in the immediate vicinity and even provoke death.
Second degree
In the second degree of arterial hypertension, the patient will be up to 180/110 mm Hg. In this case, patients are much more in patients than in first -degree hypertension, the risk of a complication in which it occurs more rarely.
The second degree of hypertension is characterized by the fact that the pressure comes extremely rarely to normal, may decrease and increase, but not reach the permissible limits. Usually, first -degree hypertension has the risk of moving to the same second degree disease, then it is possible to determine the appearance of benign or malignant arterial hypertension. In order to clarify what kind of arterial hypertension there is, what it carries and what risks arise, it helps to develop the pathology.
In patients, vascular deficiency, pulsation in the head, hyperemia, vision problems and hypertensive crises are added to the already known symptoms. The problem with the latter is that the pressure can drastically change 59 units, which negatively affects the patient's body. In the second degree of hypertension, complications are possible:
- brain thrombosis;
- aortic aneurysm;
- atherosclerosis;
- Angina pectoris;
- Encephalopathy.
The peculiarity of this degree of development of hypertension is that the defeat of the target organs occurs. In patients with such a diagnosis, bleeding is possible in one organs. This is due to the fact that with a later degree of arterial hypertension, blood vessels lose their previous elasticity and can be much easier to collapse. There are also serious risks of blood clots on the walls of blood vessels, lumen in which it is already reduced.
Due to serious problems that can occur in the second degree of arterial hypertension, the patient may be injured. Most often they give 3 groups. But this does not mean that it is enough for the patient to measure his pressure several times and to show that he exceeds the permissible rule.
The Commission takes into account the complications that have arisen against the background of this disease, collects information about hypertension as well as the patient's working conditions - only then can we talk about obtaining monetary benefit.
The paradox of the situation is that some patients try to obtain this help at the first symptoms, while others, on the contrary, hide their illness. Most often, this is done by employees who can be fired due to working conditions that will then rely (more sick leave, increase in annual leave). But we should not forget that in the second degree of hypertension, additional loading can have serious consequences that will quickly worsen the disease.
It is worth noting a special case, which is possible in the second degree of arterial hypertension. As for the malignant pathology, the Commission may appoint 2 groups of disabilities. Men over 60, women over 55, and patients who have irreversible defects detect life damage. This means that it will not be necessary to submit the Commission annually to confirm the status.
Third degree
By pressing a person, the degree of disease can be determined. When the indicators begin to reach extremely high percentages - from 180/110 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed with a third, severe degree of hypertension. In this case, the complications are very serious, most of them with untimely medical care can lead to death. This can be stroke, cardiac asthma, myocardial infarction, kidney failure and other diseases.
By evaluating the severity of this degree, patients were assigned 1 group of disability. By evaluating the degree of risk of disease development, the patient should take rehabilitation without failure. It is not necessary to talk about the treatment of this degree, but this approach will help to avoid premature death.
There is a concept of fourth degree hypertension. In this case, it is quite difficult for a person to help because he is practically on the verge of death. Medicines help relieve the symptoms and a sharp decrease in pressure levels. Hypertensive crises are pronounced and very common.
Risk
Usually, when diagnosing the patient, the degree of illness and risk is indicated. This indicator can affect age, gender, obesity, bad habits and other factors.
There are four degrees at risk. The most optimal first -degree risk hypertension is considered, the likelihood of developing side diseases is low, less than 15%. First -degree arterial hypertension (risk 2) is one of the most popular diagnoses. This is due to the fact that few patients lead such a lifestyle that will in no way complicate the disease. When diagnosing first -degree arterial hypertension (risk 2), the likelihood of complications varies from 15% to 20%.
The risk of 3 degrees is 20-30% probability of the development of diseases. It's called high. There are also 4 degrees when the likelihood of developing pathologies exceeds 30%. All risk predictions are calculated over the next 10 years in the absence of lifestyle changes.
Depending on the lesion of the internal organs of the patient, the doctors show the stages and the degree of hypertension due to indicators. It is the stage of the disease that determines which organs were damaged.
The first stage of the disease does not actually have indicators, as only the pressure increases and the human organs are not damaged. With hypertension in the first stage, the patient will have optimistic forecasts for the future.
At 2 stages of the disease the first signs of narrowing of the vessel are detected, plaques and creatinine appear in the blood plasma increases. All changes occurring in the internal organs usually do not have major changes and with proper treatment, complications can be prevented.
Unlike the second stage, the third is characterized by specific diseases, not just partial changes. This is a pronounced arterial hypertension, which means that in patients the risk of transferring myocardial infarction, stroke, the onset of cardiac and renal failure and other characteristic diseases increases several times.
Characteristics of the disease
Arterial hypertension is common worldwide and is most common in highly developed countries. First, this is due to the fact that active life implies communication with a large number of people and this leads to different emotions, both bad and good, leading to a constant increase in pressure.
It is not even difficult for many to answer the question of what is it? The spread of the disease makes it possible to call this pathology plague from the 21st century. There is such a thing as arterial hypertension syndrome, it is a chronic vascular deficiency, the same hypertension. It is the violations of the work of the vessels that provoke arterial hypertension syndrome.
The gestational arterial hypertension is extremely negative for the woman. The onset of this pathology is related to pregnancy, a woman during this period is contraindicated in the administration of most medicines.
At the same time, lack of treatment can have extremely negative consequences. Statistics show that gestational arterial hypertension is the cause of about a third of the fatal result of the mother during childbirth, and can also cause the death of the fetus or premature birth.
In addition to the fact that the patient should know the symptoms of hypertension and what it is, it is necessary to contact the hospital on time, since treatment of the disease is much easier in the first stage. You should consult your doctor to increase the dose or include other medicines. Suicide can worsen the disease.
